作者:未知 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡知識 > 咖啡豆 > 2025-03-17 07:16:03
越南咖啡
越南咖啡,香味較濃,酸味較淡,口感細滑溼潤,香醇中微還點苦,芳香濃郁,提神醒腦,代表性產品是中原咖啡和高地咖啡。
產品簡介
使用改良式越南壺,以滴漏式來萃取純正之越南咖啡豆。而且越南咖啡豆之最大特色是以特殊奶油烘焙而成,故會有濃郁的熱帶咖啡包裹着濃濃的奶油香味。
越南速溶咖啡主要有兩種:vinacafe(威拿咖啡)和中原G7咖啡。
威拿三合一速溶咖啡是由越南邊合威拿有限公司生產出口,威拿咖啡在越南的市場佔有率一直保持在45%以上,處於領先地位。目前威拿已經連續多年參加中國東盟博覽會,內地一些有影響力的展會也經常看到威拿咖啡的身影。VINACAFE選自著名的上等BUON ME THUOT咖啡豆,優質奶精與糖,富有天然的芬芳香味和超值的享受。該產品每20g含熱量85卡、脂肪24g(4%)、蛋白質少於1g、碳水化合物14g(5%),每個人正常的卡路里日攝取量爲2000卡左右,可以按照個人需求調整,喝Vinacafe絕對不會發胖。
G7咖啡雖然也是速溶咖啡但是味兒香濃醇厚,不仔細品嚐都嘗不出來是速溶咖啡,跟現煮的味道差不多。G7咖啡是越南很有名的咖啡之一,每粒咖啡豆都是來自越南高原最好咖啡區精選出來,以特殊奶油烘焙而成,奶香較濃、咖啡醇厚。G7咖啡是越南市場上唯一的white coffee(牛奶咖啡)品牌,採用歐洲先進技術精製而成。G7咖啡在口感和適應人羣上有很大的優勢,喝過G7咖啡的顧客不會感覺頭暈,煩躁無味的感覺,也不會影響消費者的睡眠,不會影響正常的工作學習,給顧客帶來輕鬆愉悅的心情,這是區別於傳統咖啡的非常顯著的特點。該G7咖啡很適合亞洲人羣的口味,凡是喝過該產品的用戶都會感覺到明顯的優點。特別是具有調節內分泌的作用,是一個天然的美容健身的日常工作時尚咖啡。
生產情況
越南地理位置十分有利於咖啡種植,越南南部屬溼熱的熱帶氣候,適合種植ROBUSTA咖啡,北部適於種植ARABICA咖啡。越南咖啡生產具有以下特點:(1)由於沒有有效方法處理落葉,因此,在20 世紀80 年代早期,就選擇了中粒種咖啡作爲主栽品種。(2)以種植技術爲參考依據,確定了咖啡種植方法,即在越南南部溼熱氣候條件下,高密度種植、大量灌溉、過度施肥、不種植遮蔭樹以獲得最大產量,充分發揮中粒種咖啡的生產能力,在越南的Daklak、Gia Lai、Kontum、Dong Nai地區的許多咖啡種植園單產達到3~4 噸/公頃,有些種植園單產甚至高達8~9噸/公頃。(3)加工技術方面:主要是充分利用越南中部高原旱季的太陽能幹燥法加工咖啡。
越南咖啡種植面積約50萬公頃,10%-15%屬各國有企業和農場,85%-90%屬各農戶和莊園主。莊園規模不大,通常爲2-5公頃,大型莊園約30-50公頃,但數量不多。越南咖啡在越出口的各項農產品中僅次於大米,名列第二。越每年約有30萬農戶從事咖啡種植,勞動力達60萬人,在3個月的收穫期中勞動力可達70萬至80萬人,因此咖啡業吸收了越全國勞動力總數的1.83%,農業勞動力總數的2.93%。
越南咖啡總公司(VINACAFE)爲100%國有企業,下轄70家公司、農場。每年越南咖啡產量的20-25%由VINACAFE出口。
據越咖啡協會業務統計,2000-2001年度(自2000年10月至2001年9月)越全國149家單位共出口咖啡874676噸,其中三家出口量最大的企業爲OLAM公司(外國獨資企業,21326噸),DAKMAN公司(合資企業,18076噸)和VINAFIMEX公司(本地企業,13719噸)。
越南咖啡質量標準委員會由越咖啡協會牽頭起草越國家咖啡標準,經越標準質量監測總局上報科學工藝環境部(現爲科技部)審定。[2]
加工情況
在咖啡加工領域,自1975年後越纔有一些破舊的加工廠,北部同交、府葵等地有幾家加工廠,其設備是東德1960-1962年間製造的。在南部,ROSSI,DELPHANTE等以前莊園主留下來的舊廠規模也不大。越在擴大咖啡種植面積的同時也開始興建新的咖啡加工廠,起初製造一些單機設備,後來按照HANGXA樣式仿製生產線,主要廠家有海防五一機械廠、位於胡志明市首德的工業部A74廠等。近年來,越許多公司和農場從德國和巴西進口設備建設較爲完備的新加工廠,進口了十幾套巴西PINHALENSE公司的咖啡加工生產線。其後越有些工廠開始對巴西設備模仿改進自行生產。近年來,越咖啡加工能力大大提高,可保證每年加工15萬至20萬噸咖啡仁出口。另外還有很多設備不夠完備的企業,僅憑几臺單機進行加工,爲保證出口標準就從農民手中收購已經初加工的咖啡。從民間採購的咖啡主要是每戶農民通過水泥場或土場晾曬分散處理。許多地方農民利用小型研磨機將咖啡乾果磨碎成咖啡仁,再賣給咖啡收購者。這種加工方式導致產品質量不穩定。各公司、農場生產的咖啡通常質量好,外觀漂亮,如多樂的各家公司:勝利(thang loi)、福安(phuoc an)、越德(viet duc)、奔湖(buon ho)、德勞(d’dao)等,受到客戶肯定。總的來說,長期以來咖啡買賣未按國家標準進行,買賣合同中的質量規定十分簡單,僅由買賣雙方協商確定,未能有效促進咖啡質量和加工工業水平的提高。
近年來,上述情況有所改善。由於供大於求,咖啡價格連續下跌,致使買方要求更高的質量,並向賣方增加要求,如普遍要求試嘗樣品,並以此作爲結算付款的依據。越南咖啡工業必須及時提高加工水平。除客戶要求更高的質量標準外,越南咖啡業還面臨世界咖啡市場上的問題:
咖啡生產國協會(ACPC)支持一些中美咖啡生產國關於將低質咖啡淘汰出世界咖啡市場,以穩定市場供求平衡。
歐盟各國從2003年1月1日起應用OCHRATOXYN A的污染指標,並大規模銷燬未達標的咖啡。
以上要求越南咖啡需要在加工領域有大的提高才能繼續適應和發展。
現在,越南咖啡仍主要以幹加工的ROBUSTA爲主,咖啡收購回來利用太陽能進行晾曬。如收穫季節遇到連續陰雨天氣,就燒煤或柴來烘乾。也有一些企業用攪拌機進行溼法加工。產量較小的ARABICA完全用溼法加工。不少地方用SORTEX選色機進行分級。[2]
發展規劃
轉變種植結構,確定行業發展戰略目標。減少ROBUSTA咖啡的種植面積,把咖啡種植效益低的土地轉爲種植橡膠、胡椒、果樹等其他多年生經濟作物和棉花、雜交玉米等一年生作物。
在有條件的地區擴大ARABICA咖啡的種植面積。該戰略的最終目標是維持目前的咖啡常年種植面積,或略有減少,約爲45萬至50萬公頃,其中ROBUSTA咖啡35萬公頃至40萬公頃(減少10萬至15萬公頃),ARABICA咖啡10萬公頃(比以前靠法國援助貸款種植的4萬公頃增加6萬公頃)。總產量保證在60萬噸左右,相當於1000萬包,比目前減少500萬包ROBUSTA咖啡。
降低生產成本,提高經營效益
儘管越南咖啡業勞動力成本相對較低,咖啡產量也較高,但越咖啡成本仍較高,難有競爭力。主要原因是越南農民爲儘量提高產量,大量購買使用化肥、灌溉,降低了投資效益,提高了生產成本。因此需要調整投資結構,減少化肥、農藥、灌溉方面的投資,不必追求最高的產量但可達到最可觀的利潤水平。此外,目前越農民大量使用化肥,應代以有機肥,提高科技含量。
改進加工工藝設備,提高產品質量
改進加工工藝設備,採用與國際標準相符的越南國家產品質量標準,按照市場要求提高產品質量。現在,越加工ARABICA咖啡能力較差,特別是第一道工序去皮。因許多地區缺乏所需的大量潔淨水,也無污水處理設施,難免污染環境。
生產提供多種商品,滿足消費者的需求
生產並向市場提供除生咖啡仁之外的多種商品,滿足消費者的需求。目前越有兩家生產速溶咖啡的廠家,一是VINACAFE下屬的邊和咖啡廠,一是雀巢(泰國)的在越工廠,當前問題是擴大市場範圍。另外,也在考慮發展盒裝的液體咖啡。
生產高質量產品
生產高質量產品,如有機咖啡、特種咖啡等。越南北部山區的氣候條件適宜,利於ARABICA生長。當地少數民族很少使用化肥和農藥,有條件發展有機咖啡,但問題是有機咖啡需要權威證書和市場的承認,越大部分地區尚達不到這一水平。
改革買賣關係,加強國際市場開拓
改革買賣關係,越南咖啡加強國際市場開拓,進一步關注開發國內市場。現在,越咖啡已向世界上50個國家和地區出口,但缺乏傳統穩定的貿易伙伴。越咖啡也尚未參加期貨市場交易。同時,越國內咖啡市場尚未充分開發,儘管越南人長期飲茶,但年輕人喝咖啡的潛力卻很可觀。
保持越南咖啡業穩定發展
越咖啡業養活了60萬農民,與該行業有關的人數達100萬。越咖啡業現仍薄弱,與世界傳統咖啡強國相比仍十分薄弱。因此需要在咖啡種植、生產加工和貿易等方面採取先進措施,提高效益,將越南咖啡業發展成一個穩定持續發展的行業。[2]
代表產品
越南咖啡的代表性產品是中原咖啡(TRUNGNGUYEN)和高地咖啡(HIGHLANDS)。
中原咖啡
如果說,中原咖啡口味濃烈厚重,那麼高地咖啡則優雅溫醇;
如果說,中原咖啡著重產品亞發研發,那麼高地咖啡則強調店面裝潢;
如果說,中原咖啡是越南人的首選,那麼高地咖啡則受觀光者的親睞;
如果說,中原咖啡抓住了工農階層,那麼高地咖啡則掌握了中產階級;
如果說,中原咖啡的老闆是本土才俊,那麼高地咖啡的掌門則是越僑代表。
中原咖啡的歷史並不長,其創始人也是現任總經理鄧黎原羽(DangLeNguyenVu),今年36歲,1996年25歲的他原本是一位醫學院學生,因看準了咖啡是越南最有潛力的產業,便與三個好友在越南中部咖啡產地——邦美蜀創立了中原咖啡,除了希望將越南咖啡拓展到全世界,也期待通咖啡來改善當地少數民族的生活(該民族的名稱就是中原)。十年來,在天時、地利、人和的條件配合之下,中原咖啡已經成功地躍上國際舞臺2000年起,中原咖啡連續七年榮獲越南最佳產品獎、目前中原咖啡在越南有400家連鎖店和1千家加盟店,而他們所生產的咖啡也銷到美、加、英、德、荷、瑞典、俄、烏克蘭、澳、日、新加坡、中、柬、泰等全世界40多個國家。他本人也獲得東盟最佳青年企業家稱號和越南三等勞動獎章(2004)、大越南黃星獎章(SaoVangDatViet,2003~2005)、越南企業家紅星獎章(DoanhNghiepSaoDo,2002)。同時,他還將中原咖啡的成功模式推廣到國內其他優良農產品如:Dalat紅酒、PhuQuoc魚露、BinhThuan火龍果、CanTho皇家五號柚等。此外,他更爲越南低收入戶、烈屬、困難學生、創業青年,乃至二噁英受害者提供相資金援助。從當年的醫學院逃兵到現在的大愛義舉,或許也是鄧黎原羽另一種懸壺濟世的展現吧。
中原咖啡不採用真空包裝,因爲真空包裝的過程會使咖啡喪失部分的香氣,其中高級的是所謂“野鼬咖啡”的CAPHECHON,又稱Legendee或CoffeeWeasel。據說。早期越南的野鼬喜歡摘食味道熟美的咖啡豆,由於野鼬自己無法消化咖啡豆,因此只能通過分泌某種特殊的消化酶加以排出,隔天,咖啡工人便會從野鼬糞便裏尋找完整的咖啡豆,洗淨曬乾後佐以奶油烘培,最後產生出類似巧克力風味的咖啡,由於其特殊的“成就”過程、產量稀少,因此價格昂貴,和印尼的麝香貓咖啡(KopiLuwak)一同被視爲全世界最頂級的咖啡。
現在中原咖啡特別請來德國的專家進行技術指導,以特殊的配方模擬出野鼬體內的消化酶,製成了咖啡因含量較低的LegendeeCoffeeWeasel,讓人們不必再經過野鼬的糞便也能沖泡出全世界最棒的冰咖啡,盡享無窮的回味。其他中原咖啡中比較特殊的還有中原4號的PremiumCuli,融合巧克力、羅望子(tamarind)等香氣,時刻重口味的人;中原9號Passiona是最新的低咖啡因產品,價格幾乎跟Legendee一樣,但個人覺得比較適合女性,尤其是女孩子;盒裝的HouseBlend,則是中原咖啡最好入門的一種;另有G7(據說希望打進主要的七個發展中國家市場,包括中國)三合一速溶咖啡,口味也不錯。
不同於本土化的中原咖啡,高地咖啡走的是國際化路線,所以被稱爲越南的星巴克:遠遠望去就有醒目的標誌,戶外雅座充斥着過的不同語言,服務員一律穿著紅黑色系的制服,刻意營造的燈籠式光纖配上慵懶的沙發,最適合讓人整天窩着FreeWifi……吸引着外國觀光客、商務人士及摩登的西貢小姐,同時也滿足了越南經濟發展中出現的新族羣,中產階級。
高地咖啡
高地咖啡創始人DavidThai,1972年在南越出生,6歲移民西雅圖,在星巴克原鄉的耳濡目染下,24歲那年決定回國創業。1996年他到河內補習了一年的越語,這段時間他也到日本、泰國、新加坡等亞洲國家考察。兩年後他創建了高原咖啡,隸屬於越泰國際聯合股份公司(VietThaiInternationalJointStockCompany,VTI),初期主要在越南各大賓館超市推銷。2002年第一家高地咖啡館在胡志明市紅教堂對面開張,提供外國觀光客最熟悉的肉桂咖啡,而它的EspressoArabicaSupreme則嚴格挑選100%的Arabica,是頂級口感的代表。除了咖啡之外,高地咖啡也提供各式簡餐茶飲,因此第一年業績就創下了輝煌。目前高地咖啡在全越南已有幾十家分店,大部分的五星級飯店、高級西餐以及3/4觀光客一致信賴的咖啡品牌就是HighlandsCoffee。
無論是哪一種越南咖啡,都有一個特色,它有一種不同於歐亞布爾喬亞咖啡文化的“韌性”,而這韌性來自於其不斷的“混血”。從當初與法國開始,越南咖啡始終不斷的在繼續着“混血”,即使現在也仍在混,比如VINACAFE推出一種韓國紅參口味的四合一速溶咖啡,很受好評。不過也聽說有臺灣人教越南人喝咖啡要加味精,這種臺式混血口味就比較難以想像了,起碼對健康不好倒是真的。
越南咖啡文化
喝咖啡是越南人的日常習慣,越南咖啡館很家常,不是什麼高消費場所,普通的也就幾塊錢人民幣。越南咖啡的喝法不是用咖啡壺煮,而是一種特殊的滴濾咖啡杯,下面用樣式古老的印花玻璃杯接着,一滴一滴都用來消磨曼妙時光。做的時候下面的玻璃杯杯口架上滴漏杯,在滴漏裏面放咖啡粉,壓上一片有洞孔的金屬片,再用熱水沖泡,讓咖啡滴滴答答的滴到杯子內。講究一點的做熱咖啡時把杯子架在一個加滿開水的大碗裏保溫,因爲滴完一杯咖啡可能要用十分鐘,熱咖啡會涼掉。有人喜歡在杯子底下加一層很甜很甜的煉乳,等咖啡都滴到杯子裏,再把黑咖啡和白煉乳混合起來喝,甜得要命。加冰亦可。
這種咖啡的做法,好像只有越南纔有,恐怕也只有性格溫良的越南人,纔有這樣好的性子耐心地等着一杯咖啡滴完了,再慢慢吞吞地喝下去。即使在路邊的街頭咖啡挑子,也是一樣的製作程序,並不含糊。
越南的咖啡館多到讓人有立刻也開一家的衝動,不騙人,一條不大的街就有五六間.每一個城市裏的咖啡館,又都很不一樣,擁有各自的氣質。
河內的還劍湖是揹包客的聚集區,周圍有很多漂亮的CAFE,有陽臺可以眺望還劍湖的夜色。當地人喜歡光顧的咖啡館通常都是門臉很小,屋子是個縱深的細長條,門口掛幅簾子,桌子椅子都矮矮的,咖啡很便宜,黑咖啡一杯只要5000盾。專門給外國遊客準備的咖啡館就不一樣了,比較西化,店面也經過特殊修飾,價格貴一倍以上,但跟國內的咖啡館比還是非常便宜。有的咖啡館開在百年老房子裏,店裏所有的東西都是木頭的,地板、樓梯、桌子,很漂亮。可以坐在外面曬太陽看街景,桌上插着粉紅色的玫瑰。這樣的店,雖然明知道多花了一倍的價錢,但大家爭着跑去坐在那裏寫明信片寫日記,誰也不想走。
西貢的咖啡館完全不一樣,桌子椅子都面向大街,或者屋子四周都是四通八達的窗戶,空間是開放的。咖啡館裏的氣氛也顯得自由糜爛,咖啡還是一樣,而客人卻都各懷心情。
各種飲法
滴漏式的漏杯有不鏽鋼的有鋁製的,不鏽鋼的濾出來的味道沒有鋁的好,但鋁做的又容易變形,據說用鋁銀合金做的效果會更好,既不容易變形有能保證一定的膨脹性,過濾出來的咖啡味道會更好。鍋煮的也許很多人並沒有留意,這種咖啡大多在小巷子裏面屬於最平民化的咖啡,就是把咖啡粉用紗布包裹後放到鍋裏煮,然後從鍋裏舀出來放上冰塊和煉乳飲用。如果是黑咖啡,一般不給你吸管,如果是有煉乳的就會給你吸管-問了很多人都不知道原因,只說是以前到現在一直都這樣。
製作一杯地道的越式冰咖啡需要七分鐘。需要的材料是:中等顆粒咖啡粉(避免滴漏時殘留太多渣滓),滴漏壺,煉乳,冰塊(一定要夠大夠多,因爲咖啡在先熱後冷的交替作用下才能散發最極致的風味),一高一矮透明玻璃杯(用以觀賞滴漏的樂趣),96~100℃的熱水。
泡法如下:
1.先將3~4小茶匙煉乳倒入矮玻璃杯,然後將滴漏壺放在這個玻璃杯上方,再放入3小茶匙的咖啡粉(1∕6壺身高度),輕晃壺身使咖啡粉均勻分佈
2.輕輕放下篩子,並注入少量熱水(熟悉咖啡的朋友都知道,這叫悶),等30秒左右讓咖啡粉充分吸水膨脹,此時咖啡已開始滴漏。
3.把篩子向下壓實(不可太緊或太鬆),再注入5、6分滿的熱水,蓋上蓋子。理想情況下,咖啡以65滴∕每分種的速度在5、6分種內滴完。這個過程非常關鍵,太快或太慢,表示水粉比例、篩子送進或者水的溫度有問題,可能導致太淡、偏苦、或提早變冷。
4.在高的透明玻璃杯放滿冰塊,然後將滴漏壺蓋子反過來盛着滴漏壺(咖啡就不會到處亂滴),再把矮玻璃杯的咖啡與煉乳攪拌均勻後,倒到大杯中,再等30秒讓咖啡、煉乳和冰塊徹底融合,即可享用。
還有一種採取冷泡法,據說可以釋放90%的香氣與咖啡因,濃度則是平常咖啡的2~3倍,但油質、酸度和苦味大約只有原來的15%。咱沒試過,只將作法提供大家參考:
找個有蓋玻璃杯或容器,放入體積1/3或1/4的咖啡粉,倒入室溫溫度的冷開水,水跟咖啡的比例4:1,攪拌均勻後室溫下防治3-4小時(也可放隔夜),然後用濾網將咖啡倒入另一個杯中,來回2-3次,且人沒有渣滓殘留,放入冰箱,喝的時候,再加冰塊,煉乳稀釋。
發展速度
2010年,拉美在國際咖啡市場上的霸主地位正在受到亞洲國家的嚴重挑戰。越南和印度尼西亞在世界咖啡出口國排行榜上名次的迅速上升已經引起人們的驚訝。
據南方共同市場出版的《拉美商報》報道,從2000年3月至2001年3月,越南出口咖啡1250萬袋(每袋60公斤),成爲世界第二大咖啡出口國,把原來名聲顯赫的哥倫比亞擠到第三位。今年2月份,越南的咖啡出口創造奇蹟,超過世界頭號咖啡出口國巴西。印度尼西亞也虎視眈眈,正在威脅世界第四大咖啡出口國科特迪瓦的地位。
目前,雖然越南的咖啡產量還不能與巴西相提並論,但是越南咖啡生產的發展速度卻非常引人注目。據預測,今年巴西的咖啡產量將達到3400萬袋,其中2400萬袋爲優質的阿拉伯咖啡。越南在1985年時的咖啡產量僅360萬袋,2001年將飛躍到1300萬袋,2004年估計會上升到1600萬袋。
《拉美商報》說,亞洲咖啡產量增加的直接影響是使國際市場上咖啡出現供大於求的局面。今年世界咖啡總產量估計爲1.15億袋,世界咖啡消費量約爲1.05億袋,超量供應達到1000萬袋。目前世界咖啡庫存量有4000萬袋。咖啡上市量的大量增加必然衝擊咖啡價格。1995年至2000年,國際市場上最優質的阿拉伯品種咖啡的平均售價是每磅1.3美元,但是今年5月底,該品種咖啡的平均價格已下跌到每磅0.60美元。
據報道,世界上每年咖啡豆的出口額達到80億美元,烘烤過的咖啡豆出口額爲550億美元。在90年代,全球咖啡消費量增加了1.5%。美國是世界上最大的咖啡消費國,每年消費咖啡1900萬袋;巴西第二,每年消費咖啡1300萬袋。芬蘭每人每年喝咖啡11公斤,人均咖啡消費量佔世界第一;第二位和第三位是美國和巴西,每人每年喝咖啡分別爲5公斤和3.6公斤。[4]
越南咖啡相關名詞
風味【Flavor】:對香氣、酸度、與醇度的整體印象。
酸度【Acidity】:所有生長在高原的咖啡所具有的酸 辛強烈的特質。此處的酸辛與苦味、發酸(Sour)不同,與酸鹼值也無關,它是指促使咖啡發揮提振心神、滌清味覺等功能的一種清新、活潑的特質。 咖啡的酸度不是酸鹼度中的酸性或酸臭味,也不是進入胃裏讓人不舒服的酸。在衝調咖啡時,酸度的表現是很重要的,在良好的條件及技巧下,可發展出酸度清爽的特殊口味,是高級咖啡必備的條件。 咖啡的酸味是形容一種活潑、明亮的風味表現,這個詞有點類似於葡萄酒品評中的形容方式。假若咖啡豆缺乏了酸度,就等於失去了生命力,嚐起來空洞乏味、毫無層次深度。酸度有許多不同的特徵,像來自也門與肯亞的咖啡豆,其酸度特徵就有着襲人的果香味以及類似紅酒般的質感。
醇度【Body】:飲用咖啡後,舌頭留有的口感。醇度的變化可分爲清淡到如水到淡薄、中等、高等、脂狀,甚至默寫印尼的咖啡如糖漿般濃稠。
氣味【Aroma】:咖啡調配完成後所散發出來的氣息與香味。用來形容氣味的詞包括焦糖味、碳烤味、巧克力味、果香味、草味、麥芽味,等等。
苦味【Bitter】:苦是一種基本的味覺,感覺區分佈在舌根部分。深度烘焙的苦味是刻意營造出來的,但常見的苦味發生原因,是咖啡粉用量過多,而水太少。
清淡【Bland】:生長在低地的咖啡,口感通常相當清淡、無味。咖啡粉分量不足、而水太多的咖啡,也會造成同樣的清淡效果。
鹹味【Briny】:咖啡沖泡後,若是加熱過度,將會產生一種含鹽的味道。
泥土的芳香【Earthy】:通常用來形容辛香而具有泥土氣息的印尼咖啡,並非指咖啡豆沾上泥土的味道。
獨特性【Exotic】:形容咖啡具有獨樹一幟的芳香與特殊氣息,如花卉、水果、香料般的甜美特質。東非與印尼所產的咖啡, 通常具有這種特性。
芳醇【Mellow】:用來形容中酸度平衡性佳的咖啡。
溫和【Mild】:用來形容某種咖啡具有調和、細緻的風味,用來指除巴西以外的所有高原咖啡。
柔潤【Soft】:形容像印尼咖啡這樣的低酸度咖啡,亦形容爲芳醇或香甜。
發酸【Sour】:一種感覺區主要位於舌頭後側的味覺,是淺度烘焙咖啡的特點。
辛香【Spicy】:指一種令人聯想到某種特定香料的風味或氣味。
濃烈【Strong】:就技術上而言,形容的是各種味覺優缺點的多寡,或指特定的調理成品中,咖啡與水的相對比例。就通俗的 用法而言,形容的是深度烘焙咖啡強烈的風味。
香甜【Sweet】:本質上像是水果味,與酒味也有關。
狂野【Wild】:形容咖啡具有極端的口味特性。
葡萄酒味【Winy】:水果般的酸度與滑潤的醇度,所營造出來的對比特殊風味。肯亞咖啡便是含有葡萄酒風味的最佳典範。
另:咖啡豆只有經過烘焙才能變成供研磨和飲用的咖啡豆,一般分爲淺度、中度、深度和特深度烘焙。
相關場館
越南的咖啡館多到讓人有立刻也開一家的衝動,不騙人,甚至多過了法國。每一個城市裏的咖啡館,又都很不一樣,擁有各自的氣質。
河內的還劍湖是揹包客的聚集區,周圍有很多漂亮的CAFE,有陽臺可以眺望還劍湖的夜色。當地人喜歡光顧的咖啡館通常都是門臉很小,屋子是個縱深的細長條,門口掛幅簾子,桌子椅子都矮矮的,咖啡很便宜,黑咖啡一杯只要3000盾。專門給外國遊客準備的咖啡館就不一樣了,比較西化,店面也經過特殊修飾,價格貴一倍以上,但跟國內的咖啡館比還是非常便宜。越南電影《偷妻》裏面那個姐姐開的咖啡館基本就屬於前一種。有的咖啡館開在百年老房子裏,店裏所有的東西都是木頭的,地板、樓梯、桌子,很漂亮。可以坐在外面曬太陽看街景,桌上插着粉紅色的玫瑰。這樣的店,雖然明知道多花了一倍的價錢,但大家爭着跑去坐在那裏寫明信片寫日記,誰也不想走。
西貢的咖啡館數量遠遠多與於它任何城市,高中低檔一應俱全。小巷子裏隨便做下來就可以喝咖啡的那些屬於低檔的,最多的還是中檔的咖啡館,有些咖啡館裏面有小橋流水,有老樹,有些有音樂演奏,充滿了浪漫的情調,這種咖啡館屬於休閒聊天的場所。
前街咖啡已可在Tmall選購,60種來自世界各地咖啡豆,新鮮烘焙 24H發貨。
Tmall link:https://qianjieshipin.tmall.com
或直接在淘寶搜尋 「前街旗艦店」
2014-07-22 11:51:13 責任編輯:未知
常見的咖啡產區
非洲產區
埃塞俄比亞咖啡- 耶加雪菲咖啡- 西達摩咖啡- (耶加雪菲水洗和日曬)-
肯尼亞咖啡- 盧旺達咖啡- 坦桑尼亞咖啡-亞洲產區
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title | '十大瑕疵豆類型的介紹' |
thumb | '/uploads/allimg/140722/121552J93-0-lp.jpg' |
keywords | '瑕疵豆類型,咖啡知識,咖啡百科' |
description | '進行挑選瑕疵豆之前,爲了使豆子大小均勻,生豆需要先過篩。可使用三種不同尺寸的特別定製篩網,也可採用一般園藝店賣的金屬篩網,但尺寸上要注意。過篩的目的是爲了分開豆子尺寸並去除掉雜質。 接下來是手選步驟。爲了提高手選效率,必須使用一些道具,其中' |
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content | '<p> 進行挑選瑕疵豆之前,爲了使豆子大小均勻,生豆需要先過篩。可使用三種不同尺寸的特別定製篩網,也可採用一般園藝店賣的金屬篩網,但尺寸上要注意。過篩的目的是爲了分開豆子尺寸並去除掉雜質。</p> <p> 接下來是手選步驟。爲了提高手選效率,必須使用一些道具,其中必備的是手選用的托盤。托盤要準備兩種,一種是生豆專用的無光澤黑色托盤,一種是烘焙豆專用、貼有無光澤褐色棉紙的托盤。遇上有大量豆子要手選的情況,這樣的托盤能讓眼睛不疲勞。</p> <center> <img alt="96" height="300" src="/uploads/allimg/140722/121552J93-0.jpg" width="296" /></center> <p> 下面來介紹挑選瑕疵豆的步驟如下:</p> <p> 1、取適量的咖啡生豆放入托盤中。重點是適量,過多過少都不好。將咖啡生豆攤放在托盤上,用雙手食指與中指將托盤上的生豆均分成五等分。少量地進行手選,較不易遺漏瑕疵豆,也比較容易集中注意力。</p> <p> 2、將咖啡生豆挑選至無瑕疵豆爲止。</p> <p> 3、不是隻盯着有豆的一面看,而是要拿起來看看它的顏色與形狀。不放過任何一顆,目光由右邊向左邊移動。</p> <p> 4、不斷重複同樣的步驟。</p> <p> 5、得知挑出咖啡瑕疵豆的平均值。</p> <p> 一個托盤中若挑出五到六顆瑕疵豆,以此爲平均值,進行下一個托盤的手選。</p> <p> 挑選咖啡瑕疵豆的順序爲“顏色–>光澤–>形狀”。</p> <p> 1、顏色不同的豆子。弄清楚顏色挑選的基準爲何,接着將相同顏色的咖啡豆擺在一起。</p> <p> 2、光澤不同的豆子。可以根據咖啡豆的光澤挑選,挑除死豆與未熟豆。</p> <p> 3、形狀不同的豆子。貝殼豆等對味道的影響較輕微,所以放在最後處理。</p> <p> 手選順序1到3漸漸熟悉之後,就能進行整體的判斷。如此一來,挑選瑕疵豆的速度就能提升,長時間作業下來也不會疲倦。最重要的是兩隻手一起進行。習慣用手的挑選速度會比較快,但也容易累而無法支撐長時間的瑕疵豆的挑選工作,所以建議雙手一起挑選。</p> <p> 十大瑕疵豆類型:</p> <p> 一、帶殼豆</p> <p> 咖啡內果皮覆蓋在咖啡豆果肉內側,多殘留在水洗法處理的咖啡豆上,烘焙時的透熱性差,有時還會着火燃燒,是造成咖啡澀味的原因。</p> <p> 二、石頭</p> <p> 採收的豆子因爲使用自然乾燥法,容易混入石頭或木屑等。</p> <p> 三、發黴豆</p> <p> 因爲乾燥不完全,或是在運輸、保管過程中過於潮溼,而長出青色、白色的黴菌,有時會使豆子粘在一起,若不去除這些發黴豆,會產生黴臭味。</p> <p> 四、發酵豆</p> <p> 主要分兩大類:一種是在水洗法處理咖啡時在發酵槽浸泡時間過長,被水洗咖啡豆的水污染而形成;另一種是堆放在倉庫的關係,因而附着細菌,豆子表面變得斑駁。發酵豆外表不易分辨出來,因而手選時應特別注意。發酵豆如果混入咖啡中會產生腐臭味。</p> <p> 五、死豆</p> <p> 非正常結果的豆子。顏色不易因烘焙而改變,故容易分辨出來。味道平淡,與銀皮同樣有害無益,會成爲異味的來源。</p> <p> 六、未熟豆</p> <p> 在其成熟前就被採摘下的豆子,有腥羶、令人做嘔的味道。將咖啡豆放置數年就是爲了對付這些未成熟豆而採取的對策。</p> <p> 七、貝殼豆</p> <p> 乾燥不良或者雜交異常而產生;豆子從中央線處破裂,內側像貝殼般翻出。貝殼豆會造成烘焙不均,進行深度烘焙時容易着火。</p> <p> 八、蟲蛀豆</p> <p> 蛾在咖啡果實成熟變紅之際侵入產卵,幼蟲啃食咖啡果實成長,豆子表面會留下蟲蛀痕跡。蟲蛀豆會造成咖啡液混濁,有時會產生怪味。</p> <p> 九、黑豆</p> <p> 較早成熟掉落地位,長期與地面接觸而發酵變黑的豆子。可輕易通過手選步驟挑除。混入黑豆煮出來的咖啡會產生腐臭味且渾濁。</p> <p> 十、可可</p> <p> 自然乾燥法使得果肉殘留、未充分脫殼是它形成的原因。帶有碘、土等味道,會發生類似氨的臭味。“可可”是葡萄牙語“糞”的意思。</p> ' |
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array ( 0 => '6', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-jishu.html', 'total' => 3233, 'field' => array ( ), ), 33 => array ( 'id' => '33', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡拉花', 'dirname' => 'kafeilahua', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '33,307,308', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡拉花視頻_咖啡拉花培訓_咖啡拉花教程', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '咖啡拉花是在原始的卡布奇諾或拿鐵上做出葉子或其他圖案的工藝。拉花起源關於咖啡拉花的起源,其實一直都沒有十分明確的文獻,只知道當時在歐美國家,咖啡拉花都是在咖啡表演時,所展現的高難度專業技術,而如此的創新技巧,所展現的高難度', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '479', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '33', 1 => '307', 2 => '308', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeilahua.html', 'total' => 295, 'field' => array ( ), ), 50 => array ( 'id' => '50', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '拿鐵', 'dirname' => 'natie', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 50, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '拿鐵咖啡_拿鐵咖啡的含義_拿鐵和摩卡的區別', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '“老闆,我要一杯Latte”相信你我常在咖啡店裏聽到這樣的呼喚。是的,許多人認爲Latte就是拿鐵咖啡的簡稱,所以Latte就是咖啡的一種。然而,這卻是一個天大的誤解。“法文:Lait / 意大利文:Latte”其實這兩個洋文的意思是一模一樣的,都是指‘牛奶’。像我們經常會聽到的Latte Coff', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '143', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '50', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-natie.html', 'total' => 143, 'field' => array ( ), ), 53 => array ( 'id' => '53', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '手衝咖啡', 'dirname' => 'shouchongkafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 53, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '手衝咖啡教程_手衝咖啡視頻_手衝咖啡技巧與比例', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '手衝有一個好聽的外號--- "懶人的咖啡" ,但要仔細研究起來還是有很多講究的.單品豆咖啡的代表品牌,日本的真鍋咖啡就是以手衝咖啡而著稱的.手衝咖啡雖然看起.', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '688', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '53', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-shouchongkafei.html', 'total' => 688, 'field' => array ( ), ), 54 => array ( 'id' => '54', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '冰滴咖啡', 'dirname' => 'bingdikafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 54, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '冰滴咖啡_冰滴咖啡壺_冰滴咖啡做法', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '也稱水滴咖啡、冰釀咖啡,是一種製作咖啡飲品的方式。冰滴式咖啡使用冰水、冷水或冰塊萃取咖啡,這個過程十分緩慢,往往要進行數小時之久,因此冰滴式咖啡的價格較爲昂貴。冰釀咖啡的原理是藉由咖啡本身與水相容的特性,利用冰塊溶化一點一滴萃取而成。萃取出的咖啡,依咖啡烘焙程度、水量、水溫、水滴', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '192', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '54', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-bingdikafei.html', 'total' => 192, 'field' => array ( ), ), 55 => array ( 'id' => '55', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡烘焙', 'dirname' => 'kafeihongpei', 'pdirname' => 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fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://cno.gafei.com/views-7297' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '7297', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
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cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
21.96 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.18 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-03-17 07:16:05 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:16:04 | 200 | HEAD | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:16:03 | 200 | GET | https://cno.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:16:02 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:16:00 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:59 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:58 | 200 | HEAD | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:57 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:56 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:55 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:54 | 200 | HEAD | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:53 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:52 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:51 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:50 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:49 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:48 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:47 | 200 | GET | https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:46 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-03-17 07:15:45 | 200 | GET | https://cno.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
s | article |
c | show |
id | 7297 |
m | index |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | cno.gafei.com |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | cno.gafei.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 8.0.25 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://cno.gafei.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |